CISA Dumps - Grab Out For [NEW-2025] ISACA Exam
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Career Prospects for Successful Exam-Passers
Any successful candidate who manages to pass the ISACA CISA certification exam can take the role of information systems auditor in international companies. According to Payscale.com, a mid-level auditor with a minimum of 5-9 years of experience can get an annual salary of $75k.
NEW QUESTION # 436
An IS auditor has identified deficiencies within the organization's software development life cycle policies.
Which of the following should be done NEXT?
- A. Document the findings in the audit report.
- B. Communicate the observation to the auditee.
- C. Identify who approved the policies.
- D. Escalate the situation to the lead auditor.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
An IS auditor has identified deficiencies within the organization's software development life cycle (SDLC) policies. The SDLC is the process of planning, developing, testing, and deploying software applications1. SDLC policies are the guidelines and standards that govern the SDLC process and ensure its quality, security, and compliance2. Deficiencies in SDLC policies can lead to various risks, such as:
Software errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities that can affect the functionality, reliability, or security of the applications3 Software failures, delays, or overruns that can affect the delivery, performance, or customer satisfaction of the applications3 Software non-compliance that can result in legal, regulatory, or contractual violations or penalties3 The next step that the IS auditor should do after identifying deficiencies in SDLC policies is to communicate the observation to the auditee. The auditee is the person or entity that is subject to the audit and is responsible for the area being audited4. In this case, the auditee could be the software development manager, the project manager, or the senior management of the organization. Communicating the observation to the auditee is important for several reasons:
It allows the IS auditor to verify the accuracy and validity of the observation and gather additional evidence or information from the auditee4 It gives the auditee an opportunity to respond to the observation and provide their perspective, explanation, or justification for the deficiencies4 It enables the IS auditor to discuss with the auditee the potential impact, root cause, and remediation plan for the deficiencies4 It fosters a collaborative and constructive relationship between the IS auditor and the auditee and promotes transparency and accountability in the audit process4 The other options are not as appropriate as communicating the observation to the auditee. Documenting the findings in the audit report is a later step that should be done after communicating with the auditee and finalizing the observation. Identifying who approved the policies is not relevant for addressing the deficiencies and may imply blame or fault on a specific person or group. Escalating the situation to the lead auditor is not necessary unless there is a serious disagreement or conflict with the auditee that cannot be resolved by normal communication. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
References:
What Is The Software Development Life Cycle? | PagerDuty
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Policy | StrongDM
What Is SDLC? Best Phases, Methodologies, and Benefits Revealed - Kellton Communicating Audit Findings
NEW QUESTION # 437
The drives of a tile server are backed up at a hot site. Which of the following is the BEST way to duplicate the files stored on the server for forensic analysis?
- A. Create a logical copy of the file server's drives.
- B. Replicate the server's volatile data to another drive.
D18912E1457D5D1DDCBD40AB3BF70D5D - C. Capture a bit-by-bit image of the file server's drives.
- D. Run forensic analysis software on the backup drive.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 438
Which of the following would BEST provide assurance of the integrity of new staff?
- A. References
- B. Bonding
- C. Qualifications listed on a resume
- D. Background screening
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A background screening is the primary method for assuring the integrity of a prospective staff member.
References are important and would need to be verified, but they are not as reliable as background screening. Bonding is directed at due-diligence compliance, not at integrity, and qualifications listed on a resume may not be accurate.
NEW QUESTION # 439
What type(s) of firewalls provide(s) the greatest degree of protection and control because both firewall technologies inspect all seven OSI layers of network traffic?
- A. An application-layer gateway, or proxy firewall, and stateful-inspection firewalls
- B. A circuit-level gateway
- C. A first-generation packet-filtering firewall
- D. An application-layer gateway, or proxy firewall, but not stateful-inspection firewalls
Answer: A
Explanation:
An application-layer gateway, or proxy firewall, and stateful-inspection firewalls provide the greatest degree of protection and control because both firewall technologies inspect all seven OSI layers of network traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 440
A staff accountant regularly uploads spreadsheets with inventory levels to the organization's financial reporting system. The transfers are executed through a customized interface created by an in-house developer. Which of the following is MOST important for the IS auditor to confirm during a review of the interface?
- A. The data in the spreadsheet is correctly recorded in the financial system.
- B. The spreadsheets do not contain malware or malicious macros.
- C. The data transfer connection does not support full duplex communication.
- D. The financial system transfers are performed by the accountant at predefined intervals.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 441
If enabled within firewall rules, which of the following services would present the GREATEST risk?
- A. Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
- B. Simple object access protocol (SOAP)
- C. Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
- D. File transfer protocol (FTP)
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 442
In a small organization, an IS auditor finds that security administration and system analysis functions are performed by the same employee. Which of the following is the MOST significant finding?
- A. The employee's activities are not independently reviewed.
- B. The employee has not signed the security policy.
- C. The security policy has not been updated to reflect the situation.
- D. The employee's formal job description has not been updated.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: The process of Auditing Information System
NEW QUESTION # 443
Iptables is based on which of the following frameworks?
- A. Netfilter
- B. NetDoom
- C. None of the choices.
- D. NetCheck
- E. NetSecure
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
ipchains is a free software based firewall running on earlier Linux. It is a rewrite of ipfwadm but is
superseded by iptables in Linux 2.4 and above.
Iptables controls the packet filtering and NAT components within the Linux kernel. It is based on Netfilter, a
framework which provides a set of hooks within the Linux kernel for intercepting and manipulating network
packets.
NEW QUESTION # 444
Which of the following would BEST enable an organization to address the security risks associated with a recently implemented bring your own device (BYOD) strategy?
- A. Mobile device tracking program
- B. Mobile device testing program
- C. Mobile device awareness program
- D. Mobile device upgrade program
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 445
An organization maintains an inventory of the IT applications used by its staff Which of me following would pose the GREATEST concern with regard to tie quality inventory data?
- A. The organization has not established a formal recertification process for the inventory data.
- B. Inventory data is available on and downloadable from the corporate intranet
- C. The inventory does not contain a formal risk ranking for all the IT applications.
- D. The application owner and contact information fields are not required to be completed
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 446
Which of the following term in business continuity determines the maximum tolerable amount of time needed to bring all critical systems back online after disaster occurs?
- A. WRT
- B. RTO
- C. MTD
- D. RPO
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
The recovery time objective (RTO) is the duration of time and a service level within which a business process must be restored after a disaster (or disruption) in order to avoid unacceptable consequences associated with a break in business continuity.
It can include the time for trying to fix the problem without a recovery, the recovery itself, testing, and the communication to the users. Decision time for users representative is not included.
The business continuity timeline usually runs parallel with an incident management timeline and may start at the same, or different, points.
In accepted business continuity planning methodology, the RTO is established during the Business Impact Analysis (BIA) by the owner of a process (usually in conjunction with the business continuity planner). The RTOs are then presented to senior management for acceptance.
The RTO attaches to the business process and not the resources required to support the process.
The RTO and the results of the BIA in its entirety provide the basis for identifying and analyzing viable strategies for inclusion in the business continuity plan. Viable strategy options would include any which would enable resumption of a business process in a time frame at or near the RTO. This would include alternate or manual workaround procedures and would not necessarily require computer systems to meet the RTOs.
For your exam you should know below information about RPO, RTO, WRT and MTD :
Stage 1: Business as usual
Business as usual
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-01.png At this stage all systems are running production and working correctly.
Stage 2: Disaster occurs
Disaster Occurs
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-02.png On a given point in time, disaster occurs and systems needs to be recovered. At this point the Recovery Point Objective (RPO) determines the maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time. For example, the maximum tolerable data loss is 15 minutes.
Stage 3: Recovery
Recovery
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-03.png At this stage the system are recovered and back online but not ready for production yet. The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) determines the maximum tolerable amount of time needed to bring all critical systems back online. This covers, for example, restore data from back-up or fix of a failure. In most cases this part is carried out by system administrator, network administrator, storage administrator etc.
Stage 4: Resume Production
Resume Production
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-04.png At this stage all systems are recovered, integrity of the system or data is verified and all critical systems can resume normal operations. The Work Recovery Time (WRT) determines the maximum tolerable amount of time that is needed to verify the system and/or data integrity. This could be, for example, checking the databases and logs, making sure the applications or services are running and are available.
In most cases those tasks are performed by application administrator, database administrator etc. When all systems affected by the disaster are verified and/or recovered, the environment is ready to resume the production again.
MTD
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-05.png The sum of RTO and WRT is defined as the Maximum Tolerable Downtime (MTD) which defines the total amount of time that a business process can be disrupted without causing any unacceptable consequences. This value should be defined by the business management team or someone like CTO, CIO or IT manager.
The following answers are incorrect:
RPO - Recovery Point Objective (RPO) determines the maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time. For example, the maximum tolerable data loss is 15 minutes.
WRT - The Work Recovery Time (WRT) determines the maximum tolerable amount of time that is needed to verify the system and/or data integrity. This could be, for example, checking the databases and logs, making sure the applications or services are running and are available. In most cases those tasks are performed by application administrator, database administrator etc. When all systems affected by the disaster are verified and/or recovered, the environment is ready to resume the production again.
MTD - The sum of RTO and WRT is defined as the Maximum Tolerable Downtime (MTD) which defines the total amount of time that a business process can be disrupted without causing any unacceptable consequences. This value should be defined by the business management team or someone like CTO, CIO or IT manager.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 284
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_time_objective
http://defaultreasoning.com/2013/12/10/rpo-rto-wrt-mtdwth/
NEW QUESTION # 447
Reorganization of databases is undertaken PRIMARILY to:
- A. eliminate duplicates and perform data backup.
- B. improve data access and retrieval times.
- C. reduce simultaneous update time and index validation
- D. reduce backout and recovery times.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 448
.When should application controls be considered within the system-development process?
- A. After application module testing
- B. After applications systems testing
- C. After application unit testing
- D. As early as possible, even in the development of the project's functional specifications
Answer: D
Explanation:
Application controls should be considered as early as possible in the system-development process, even in the development of the project's functional specifications.
NEW QUESTION # 449
Which of the following would MOST effectively detect a condition where an employee assigned to an operations role could perform system administrator functions?
- A. System review
- B. Business process review
- C. User Access review
- D. Entitlement design review
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 450
An IS auditor reviewing a database application discovers that the current configuration does not match the originally designed structure. Which of the following should be the IS auditor's next action?
- A. Recommend restoration to the originally designed structure.
- B. Determine if the modifications were properly approved.
- C. Analyze the need for the structural change.
- D. Recommend the implementation of a change control process.
Answer: B
Explanation:
An IS auditor should first determine if the modifications were properly approved. Choices A, B and C are possible subsequent actions, should the IS auditor find that the structural modification had not been approved.
NEW QUESTION # 451
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List of Career opportunities after getting ISACA CISA Certification:
Following are the list of careers which will be available for you after getting CISA certification by preparing from the ISACA CISA Dumps:
- Network Security Architect
- Certified Information Systems Auditor
- Certified Information Security Manager
- Information Security Officer
- Systems Security developer
- Security Analyst
- Database Administrator
- Networking Security Engineer
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