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NEW QUESTION # 26
An individual is developing a software application that has a back-end database and is concerned that a malicious user may run the following SOL query to pull information about all accounts from the database:
Which technique should be used to detect this vulnerability without running the source codes?
- A. Cross-site scripting
- B. Fuzz testing
- C. Dynamic analysis
- D. Static analysis
Answer: D
Explanation:
Static analysis is a method used to detect vulnerabilities in software without executing the code. It involves examining the codebase for patterns that are indicative of security issues, such as SQL injection vulnerabilities. This technique can identify potential threats and weaknesses by analyzing the code's structure, syntax, and data flow.
:
Static analysis as a means to identify security vulnerabilities1.
The importance of static analysis in the early stages of the SDLC to prevent security issues2.
Learning-based approaches to fix SQL injection vulnerabilities using static analysis3.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which secure coding best practice says to assume all incoming data should be considered untrusted and should be validated to ensure the system only accepts valid data?
- A. Session management
- B. Input validation
- C. General coding practices
- D. System configuration
Answer: B
Explanation:
The secure coding best practice that emphasizes treating all incoming data as untrusted and subjecting it to validation is known as input validation. This practice is crucial for ensuring that a system only processes valid, clean data, thereby preventing many types of vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and buffer overflows, which can arise from maliciously crafted inputs.
* Input validation involves verifying that the data meets certain criteria before it is processed by the system. This includes checking for the correct data type, length, format, and range. It also involves sanitizing the data to ensure that it does not contain any potentially harmful elements that could lead to security breaches.
* A centralized input validation routine is recommended for the entire application, which helps in maintaining consistency and effectiveness in the validation process. This routine should be implemented on a trusted system, typically server-side, to prevent tampering or bypassing of the validation logic.
* It's important to classify all data sources into trusted and untrusted categories and to apply rigorous validation to all data from untrusted sources, such as user input, databases, file streams, and network interfaces.
By adhering to the input validation best practice, developers can significantly reduce the attack surface of their applications and protect against a wide array of common security threats.
: The verified answer is supported by the Secure Coding Practices outlined by the OWASP Foundation1 and other reputable sources such as Coding Dojo2 and CERT Secure Coding3.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which category classifies identified threats that have defenses in place and do not expose the application to exploits?
- A. Unmitigated Threats
- B. Fully Mitigated Threat
- C. Partially Mitigated Threat
- D. Threat Profile
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which type of security analysis is limited by the fact that a significant time investment of a highly skilled team member is required?
- A. Fuzz testing
- B. Static code analysis
- C. Dynamic code analysis
- D. Manual code review
Answer: D
Explanation:
Manual code review is a type of security analysis that requires a significant time investment from a highly skilled team member. This process involves a detailed and thorough examination of the source code to identify security vulnerabilities that automated tools might miss. It is labor-intensive because it relies on the expertise of the reviewer to understand the context, logic, and potential security implications of the code. Unlike automated methods like static or dynamic code analysis, manual codereview demands a deep understanding of the codebase, which can be time-consuming and requires a high level of skill and experience.
References: The information provided here is based on industry best practices and standards for secure software design and development, as well as my understanding of security analysis methodologies12.
NEW QUESTION # 30
What refers to the review of software source code by developers other than the original coders to try to identify oversights, mistakes, assumptions, a lack of knowledge, or even experience?
- A. Dynamic code review
- B. Fault injection
- C. Manual peer review
- D. User acceptance testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Manual peer review refers to the systematic examination of software source code by developers other than the original author. This practice is recognized as a valuable tool for reducing software defects and improving the quality of software projects. It involves developers inspecting the code to find and fix mistakes overlooked in the initial development phase, which enhances both the overall quality of software and the developers' skills.
Peer code review is less formal and more "lightweight" than the code inspections performed in the past, and it provides benefits such as knowledge transfer, increased team awareness, and creation of alternative solutions to problems.
:
Expectations, Outcomes, and Challenges Of Modern Code Review1
Introduction to Software Engineering/Quality/Code Review2
Software Security during Modern Code Review: The Developer's Perspective3
NEW QUESTION # 31
While performing functional testing of the ordering feature in the new product, a tester noticed that the order object was transmitted to the POST endpoint of the API as a human-readable JSON object.
How should existing security controls be adjusted to prevent this in the future?
- A. Ensure sensitive transactions can be traced through an audit log
- B. Ensure the contents of authentication cookies are encrypted
- C. Ensure passwords and private information are not logged
- D. Ensure all requests and responses are encrypted
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Transmitting data in a human-readable format, such as JSON, over an API can expose sensitive information if the communication channel is not secure. To protect the confidentiality and integrity of the data, it's essential to encrypt all requests and responses between clients and servers.
Implementing encryption, typically through protocols like HTTPS (which utilizes TLS/SSL), ensures that data transmitted over the network is not readable by unauthorized parties. This prevents potential attackers from intercepting and understanding the data, thereby safeguarding sensitive information contained within the API communications.
This practice is a fundamental aspect of secure software development and aligns with the Implementation business function of the OWASP SAMM. Within this function, the Secure Build practice emphasizes the importance of configuring the software to operate securely in its intended environment, which includes enforcing encryption for data in transit.
References:
* OWASP SAMM: Implementation - Secure Build
NEW QUESTION # 32
An individual is developing a software application that has a back-end database and is concerned that a malicious user may run the following SOL query to pull information about all accounts from the database:
Which technique should be used to detect this vulnerability without running the source codes?
- A. Cross-site scripting
- B. Fuzz testing
- C. Dynamic analysis
- D. Static analysis
Answer: D
Explanation:
Static analysis is a method used to detect vulnerabilities in software without executing the code. It involves examining the codebase for patterns that are indicative of security issues, such as SQL injection vulnerabilities. This technique can identify potential threats and weaknesses by analyzing the code's structure, syntax, and data flow.
References:
* Static analysis as a means to identify security vulnerabilities1.
* The importance of static analysis in the early stages of the SDLC to prevent security issues2.
* Learning-based approaches to fix SQL injection vulnerabilities using static analysis3.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which type of security analysis is performed using automated software tools while an application is running and is most commonly executed during the testing phase of the SDLC?
- A. Static analysis
- B. Manual code review
- C. Fuzz testing
- D. Dynamic analysis
Answer: D
Explanation:
Dynamic analysis is a security testing method that involves analyzing the behavior of software while it is running or in execution. It is most commonly executed during the testing phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). This type of analysis is used to detect issues that might not be visible in the code's static state, such as runtime errors and memory leaks. Automated tools are employed to perform dynamic analysis, which can simulate attacks on the application and identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious actors.
: The information provided here is verified by multiple sources that discuss security automation in the SDLC and the role of dynamic analysis during the testing phase123.
NEW QUESTION # 34
During fuzz testing of the new product, an exception was thrown on the order entry view, which caused a full stack dump to be displayed in the browser window that included function names from the source code.
How should existing security controls be adjusted to prevent this in the future?
- A. Ensure private information is not logged
- B. Ensure all exceptions are handled in a standardized way
- C. Ensure privileges are restored after application exceptions
- D. Ensure sensitive information is scrubbed from all error messages
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 35
What is the last slop of the SDLOSDL code review process?
- A. Review for security issues unique to the architecture
- B. Perform preliminary scan
- C. Review code for security issues
- D. Identify security code review objectives
Answer: C
Explanation:
The last step of the SDLC code review process is to review the code for security issues. This involves a detailed examination of the code to identify any potential security vulnerabilities that could be exploited. It's a critical phase where the focus is on ensuring that the code adheres to security best practices and does not contain any flaws that could compromise the security of the application or system. The process typically includes manual inspection as well as automated tools to scan for common security issues. The goal is to ensure that the software is as secure as possible before it is deployed. References: Mastering the Code Review Process, Understanding the SDLC, How Code Reviews Improve Software Quality in SDLC - LinkedIn.
NEW QUESTION # 36
A recent security review has identified an aging credential recovery/forgotten password component that emails temporary passwords to users who claim to have forgotten their application password.
How should the organization remediate this vulnerability?
- A. Implement Multifactor Authentication
- B. Lock a User Account After Multiple Failed Authentication Attempts
- C. Ensure All Authorization Requests Are Logged
- D. Implement Role-Based Authorization
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 37
What are the three primary goals of the secure software development process?
- A. Redundancy, scalability, and portability
- B. Cost, speed to market, and profitability
- C. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability
- D. Performance, reliability, and maintainability
Answer: C
Explanation:
The three primary goals of the secure software development process, often referred to as the CIA triad, are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. These principles form the cornerstone of security considerations in the software development life cycle (SDLC).
* Confidentiality ensures that sensitive information is accessed only by authorized individuals and systems. This involves implementing access controls and encryption to protect data from unauthorized access.
* Integrity refers to maintaining the accuracy and consistency of data across its lifecycle. This means that the data is not altered or tampered with by unauthorized entities. Techniques like checksums and digital signatures help ensure data integrity.
* Availability ensures that information and resources are accessible to authorized users when needed.
This involves creating resilient systems that can withstand attacks and recover quickly from any disruptions.
By integrating these security goals into each phase of the SDLC, from planning and design to development, testing, and maintenance, organizations can create more secure software systems that are resilient to cyber threats.
References: The information provided here is verified as per the Secure Software Design documents and best practices in the field, as outlined by sources such as Snyk1, GeeksforGeeks2, and SAFECode3.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Using a web-based common vulnerabilityscoringsystem (CVSS) calculator, a security response team member performed an assessment on a reported vulnerability in the company's claims intake component.The base score of the vulnerability was 3.5 and changed to 5.9 after adjusting temporal andenvironmental metrics.
Which rating would CVSS assign this vulnerability?
- A. Medium severity
- B. High severity
- C. Critical severity
- D. Low severity
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) uses the following ranges to determine the severity rating of a vulnerability:
* 0.1 - 3.9: Low severity
* 4.0 - 6.9: Medium severity
* 7.0 - 8.9: High severity
* 9.0 - 10.0: Critical severity
Since the adjusted score for the vulnerability is 5.9, it falls within theHigh severityrange.
References:
* CVSS v3.1 Specification Document - FIRST: https://www.first.org/cvss/specification-document
* National Vulnerability Database (NVD) - NIST: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln-metrics/cvss
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which privacy impact statement requirement type defines processes to keep personal information updated and accurate?
- A. Access requirements
- B. Personal information retention requirements
- C. Data integrity requirements
- D. Collection of personal information requirements
Answer: C
Explanation:
Data integrity requirements within a privacy impact statement ensure that personal information is maintained in an accurate and up-to-date manner. This involves establishing processes to regularly review and update personal data, as well as correct any inaccuracies. These requirements are crucial for maintaining the trustworthiness of the data and ensuring that decisions made based on this information are sound and reliable.
:
The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada's guide on the Privacy Impact Assessment process emphasizes the importance of accuracy and currency of personal information1.
The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) outlines principles for data processing, including the necessity for data to be accurate and kept up to date2.
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) also includes provisions for data protection impact assessments, which involve documenting processes before starting data processing3.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which category classifies identified threats that do not have defenses in place and expose the application to exploits?
- A. Fully mitigated threat
- B. Unmitigated threats
- C. Partially mitigated threat
- D. Threat profile
Answer: B
Explanation:
The category that classifies identified threats with no defenses in place, exposing the application to exploits, is Unmitigated Threats. This term refers to vulnerabilities for which no countermeasures or mitigations have been implemented. These threats are critical because they represent actual weaknesses that attackers can exploit. In the context of secure software design, it's essential to identify these threats early in the SDLC to ensure that appropriate security controls can be designed and implemented to protect against them.
:
Taxonomy of Cyber Threats to Application Security and Applicable Defenses1.
OWASP Foundation's Threat Modeling Process2.
Mitigating Persistent Application Security Threats3.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which category classifies identified threats that do not have defenses in place and expose the application to exploits?
- A. Fully mitigated threat
- B. Unmitigated threats
- C. Partially mitigated threat
- D. Threat profile
Answer: B
Explanation:
The category that classifies identified threats with no defenses in place, exposing the application to exploits, is Unmitigated Threats. This term refers to vulnerabilities for which no countermeasures or mitigations have been implemented. These threats are critical because they represent actual weaknesses that attackers can exploit. In the context of secure software design, it's essential to identify these threats early in the SDLC to ensure that appropriate security controls can be designed and implemented to protect against them.
References:
* Taxonomy of Cyber Threats to Application Security and Applicable Defenses1.
* OWASP Foundation's Threat Modeling Process2.
* Mitigating Persistent Application Security Threats3.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which secure coding best practice says to require authentication before allowing any files to be uploaded and to limit the types of files to only those needed for the business purpose?
- A. Memory management
- B. Communication security
- C. Data protection
- D. File management
Answer: D
Explanation:
The secure coding best practice that requires authentication before allowing any files to be uploaded, and limits the types of files to only those needed for the business purpose, falls under the category of File Management. This practice is crucial for preventing unauthorized file uploads, which can be a common vector for attacks such as uploading malicious files or scripts. By enforcing authentication, the application ensures that only legitimate users can upload files. Additionally, restricting the file types to those necessary for business operations minimizes the risk of uploading potentially harmful files that could compromise the system.
:
OWASP Secure Coding Practices1
File Upload Security Best Practices | CodeHandbook2
File Upload Protection - 10 Best Practices for Preventing ... - OPSWAT3
NEW QUESTION # 43
The software security group is conducting a maturity assessment using the Open Web Application Security Project Software Assurance Maturity Model (OWASP OpenSAMM). They are currently focused on reviewing design artifacts to ensure they comply with organizational security standards.
Which OpenSAMM business function is being assessed?
- A. Governance
- B. Verification
- C. Deployment
- D. Construction
Answer: B
Explanation:
The OpenSAMM business function being assessed is Verification. This function involves activities related to reviewing and testing to ensure that the software meets the required security standards and practices. In the context of the question, the software security group's focus on reviewing design artifacts to ensure compliance with organizational security standards falls under the Verification function. This includes tasks such as design review, implementation review, and security testing, which are all aimed at verifying that the security measures and controls are correctly integrated into the software design.
References: The information is verified as per the OWASP SAMM documentation, which outlines the Verification function as a core business function that encompasses activities like design review, which is directly related to the assessment of design artifacts mentioned in the question1.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which type of security analysis is limited by the fact that a significant time investment of a highly skilled team member is required?
- A. Fuzz testing
- B. Static code analysis
- C. Dynamic code analysis
- D. Manual code review
Answer: D
Explanation:
Manual code review is a type of security analysis that requires a significant time investment from a highly skilled team member. This process involves a detailed and thorough examination of the source code to identify security vulnerabilities that automated tools might miss. It is labor-intensive because it relies on the expertise of the reviewer to understand the context, logic, and potential security implications of the code.
Unlike automated methods like static or dynamic code analysis, manual code review demands a deep understanding of the codebase, which can be time-consuming and requires a high level of skill and experience.
: The information provided here is based on industry best practices and standards for secure software design and development, as well as my understanding of security analysis methodologies12.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which secure coding best practice says to use well-vetted algorithms to ensure that the application uses random identifiers, that identifiers are appropriately restricted to the application, and that user processes are fully terminated on logout?
- A. Access Control
- B. Input Validation
- C. Output Encoding
- D. Session Management
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 46
What are the eight phases of the software development lifecycle (SDLC)?
- A. Planning, security analysis, requirement analysis, design, implementation, threat mitigation, testing, maintenance
- B. Gather requirements, prototype, perform threat modeling, write code, test, user acceptance testing, deploy, maintain
- C. Planning, requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, maintenance, end of life
- D. Plan, gather requirements, identify attack surface, design, write code, perform code reviews, test, deploy
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 47
The software security team prepared a detailed schedule napping security development lifecycle phases to the type of analysis they will execute.
Which design and development deliverable aid the team prepare?
- A. Updated threat modeling artifacts
- B. Design security review
- C. Security test plans
- D. Privacy implementation assessment results
Answer: C
Explanation:
The deliverable that would aid a software security team in preparing a detailed schedule mapping security development lifecycle phases to the type of analysis they will execute is Security test plans. These plans are crucial as they outline the testing strategies and specific security tests that will be conducted during the development lifecycle to ensure the software meets the required security standards.
* Security test plans are developed after the requirements and design phases and are used throughout the implementation, verification, and release phases. They include detailed instructions for security testing, criteria for success, and the types of security testing to be performed, such as static and dynamic analysis, penetration testing, and code review.
* These plans are living documents that should be updated as new threats are identified and as the project evolves. They ensure that all team members understand the security goals, the risks, and the measures that need to be taken to mitigate those risks.
* By having a well-defined security test plan, the team can ensure that security is not an afterthought but is integrated into every phase of the software development lifecycle, thus producing more secure software.
: The importance of security test plans in the software development lifecycle is supported by best practices and guidelines from sources such as Microsoft's Security Development Lifecycle1 and Snyk's Secure Software Development Life Cycle principles2.
NEW QUESTION # 48
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